The role of exercise has long been thought to be significant for improving physical and mental health. Yet only a handful of studies have systematically studied this for people diagnosed with schizophrenia. In a review of the literature, The Cochrane Study Group concluded that the same principle generally applies to those diagnosed with schizophrenia, and encouraged 30 minutes of daily exercise. But inconsistent selection criteria, outcome measures, and study designs have made comparisons difficult. "All the studies neglected to disclose specific behavioural theories and aspects of exercise intensity, duration, and frequency" they write. Recommendations for future work include standardizing studies:

"In future research, the exact nature of the exercise programme must be clearly defined with the duration, frequency, and intensity of exercise reported. Adherence must also be clearly reported. Changes in fitness levels should also be documented as well as the incorporation of follow-up measures in research designs. The participants should be clearly described in terms of their age, sex, diagnosis, duration of illness, and medication regimen. Outcome measures should include measures relevant to schizophrenia-related symptomatology, particularly the negative symptoms, and consider broader clinical outcomes such as use of health services, medication compliance, and rate of relapse."